HTML and CSS Tutorial for Beginners

What is HTML?

HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language and is used to create webpages. HTML is part of front-end technologies.

Widely used browsers like Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Internet Explorer, Opera and Safari are compatible with HTML tags for display on the browser screen.

A HTML document contains codes like headings <h1> to <h6>, paragraphs <p>, Order List <ol>, Unorder list <ul>, Division <div>, Tables, etc.

What are HTML Tags?

HTML tags are the hidden keywords within a web page that define how your web browser must format and display the content.

  • HTML tags are written inside open angular bracket (<) and closing angular bracket (>)
  • 95% of the tags in HTML have both open tag <p> and closing tag </p>
  • The tags are pre-defined

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Given below is a basic HTML document containing all the essential tags. You may copy the code below & paste it into your editor and save it as example.html to create your own web page.

Structure of HTML Page

<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Welcome to HTML</p>
</body>
</html>

What is CSS?

CSS Stands for Cascading Style Sheet and is used to make a webpage look more attractive by using CSS Properties. You can also control layout of the page by using CSS properties.

Some of the properties of CSS:

Font-size:12pts;
Color:red;
Background-color:green;
Text-align:center;

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Combination of HTML and CSS

If you want to design attractive looking pages for a website or an application you have to work with both HTML and CSS.

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There are three types of CSS

Types of CSS

1. Inline CSS: Inline CSS method is used to define CSS properties inside a HTML tag. Let us now try to add a background and color style to one paragraph tag.

Example:

<p style=”color: red; background:red;>Welcome to India</a>

2. Internal CSS: Internal CSS method is used to define CSS properties in between <style > </style> tag. Here is an example of internal styles.

Example:

<Style>
P
{
color:red;
text-align:center;
}
</style>

3. External CSS: External CSS files are kept separately and are called or linked from the required page. Following is the syntax followed for linking an external style sheet.

Example:

<link href=”style.css” rel=”stylesheet”>

How to Create and Execute an HTML Page?

Step 1: You may use any text editor for writing HTML and CSS code (Ex: Notepad, Notepad++, DreamWeaver, etc.)

Step 2: You may save the file with .html or .htm format (Recommended.html)

Step 3: A HTML file can execute or run using any browser (Ex: Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, etc.)

Step 4: You can get the output in the Browser Window.

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Front-end website development is often represented as a 3-legged stool.  They are as follows

  • HTML for the structure of a site
  • CSS for the visual styles
  • Javascript for behaviors
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About the author

Akash Tonasalli is a Digital Marketer, Web Developer, SEO Analyst, Consultant and Trainer from Bengalore, Karnataka.